Summary
The medium- and long-term results of the COVID-19 pandemic are of continued curiosity to policymakers, advocates, and lecturers. Given the significance of well being in selections to work, earn, and ultimately declare OASI advantages, COVID could have long-term results on packages SSA administers even nicely after the official finish of the pandemic. To this finish, this report examines how COVID has affected the well being of People, in addition to their employment, earnings, and OASI claiming for the reason that onset of the pandemic. The main target is on two foremost channels. First, the pandemic led to disruptions within the provide of healthcare that will have delayed or prevented required care. Second, an infection could have led to an array of post-acute and continual situations, so-called lengthy COVID.
To look at these channels, the evaluation focuses on mid- to late-career people, outlined as those that have been between the ages of fifty and 75 when the pandemic started in 2020. It makes use of wealthy longitudinal knowledge on well being and employment earlier than, throughout, and after the pandemic from the Well being and Retirement Examine (HRS), a nationally consultant survey of people 50 and older, interviewed each two years till demise. The HRS is the preeminent knowledge supply for addressing how well being and employment evolve over time.
There are a variety of principal findings:
- Nearly one-third of people on this age group skilled a disruption of their healthcare in the course of the pandemic, with the best incidence amongst feminine, extra educated, and single people, in addition to these with pre-pandemic coronary heart and lung illnesses, arthritis, and psychiatric and depressive situations.
- After accounting for a wide selection of demographic components, pre-pandemic well being, insurance coverage protection, and pre-pandemic employment standing, there may be little affiliation between having skilled a healthcare disruption and the probability of being employed late within the pandemic.
- Disruptions within the regular provide of healthcare, which have been on the time largely out of the management of people, are possible not an necessary concern for the evolution of employment within the post-pandemic labor market.
- Sixteen % of American adults between the ages of fifty and 75 ever had lengthy COVID as of July 2024, with 5 % at the moment affected by the situation.
- After accounting for a wide selection of demographic components, pre-pandemic well being, insurance coverage protection, and pre-pandemic employment standing, feminine and extra educated people have been extra prone to have had lengthy COVID, with Blacks much less possible. These with pre-pandemic coronary heart and lung illness, arthritis, and depressive situations have been extra possible as nicely.
- People affected by lengthy COVID have been 9 proportion factors much less prone to be employed late within the pandemic. Roughly half of fifty to 75 12 months olds have been employed in 2018, previous to the pandemic. Subsequently, the 9 percentage-point discount in employment from lengthy COVID is a substantive financial discount in work.
- As of 2023, there was little statistically discernable impact of lengthy COVID on OASDI claiming conduct.
